briefly - Saddam Hussein had a giant gun built in Iraq in the late 80s. It was hundreds of feet long and built onto a mountain, to fire huge shells at Israel *and other targets* Captured during Desert Storm and dismantled afterwards.
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long version - Dr Gerald Bull was a brilliant Canadian physicist who specialised in armaments. His vision was of a giant gun that could launch satellites staright up. He began to work on a project called HARP (High Altitude Research Project) for the Can military in the 50s, using modified 16" naval guns. Despite some succcess, the project was moved to the US, because rockets were already putting satellites up. Bull managed to persuade the US to continue to fund his research, and the project became Super HARP. He managed to get reasonable payloads to space alt. but the US cancelled the project in the late 60s.
Bull was forced to find employment and funds for his research elsewhere. he designed artillery, shells and missiles for Israel, S Africa and acted as a consultant to several regimes around the world. All the time he was lobbying the West to back him, but got nowhere. In fact, he even ended up in jail for a while for his work for the S Africans which broke UN arms embargos in force at the time - although he'd been sanctioned by the CIA, he'd become an embarassment to the Carter administration. At the same time he had his Can citizenship revoked. He was also bankrupt. These misfortunes made him a very bitter man indeed.
Eventually news of this under-utilised arms wizard for hire reached Saddam Hussein, embroiled in his war with Iran in the 80s. Saddam played Bull like a puppet - treated him with respect, feted him, showed him round all the highlights of iraq ancient and modern, put him up in luxury, and promised him everything he wanted to hear, even that Iraq wanted to join the space race and launch satellites and that they were really peaceful and could he please help design new weapons to end this teriible war sooner? (Bull conveniently forgot that it was Saddam who had started it by invading Iran, also he chose to ignore Saddam's bloody reputation against other Iraqis)
Soon Bull was churning out modifications of his revolutionary G5 and G6 sp artillery pieces that had served his other customers so well. He was also working on new explosives, shell designs, ap missiles, medium and long-range rockets. It was these Super Scuds that pounded Tehran and Khorramshar so hard during the latter stages of the Iran-Iraq conflict in the so-called "War of the Cities" Thes rockets formed the basis for the Al-Abbas and Al-Hussein missiles that began to alarm the West after the war ended (in an Iraqi victory) as these new weapons, along with the rapidly advancing Iraqi nuclear programme, would give Iraq a regional nuclear capability against several key US allies - Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and Israel - as well as groslly destabilise the balance of power in the M East.
All the time Bull believed he was working towards his dream of a space cannon, and Saddam gave it to him, as long as he worked on military applications of space technology eg nose cones, guidance systems. Soon Bull had drawn up plans for 2 guns, a smaller test design and the full thing, codenamed Project Babylon. Strangely the Iraqi insisted that the gun be capable of firing angled trajectories, not just stright up as Bull intended. Also they wanted the projectiles to be capable of reentry.
Bull never seriously questioned this at first, later he was told that the Iraqis wanted to recover the projectiles for study and that they would be fired into the sea for safety. As time went on, Bull had increasing suspicions that what the Iraqi s really wanted to do was put a nuclear or chemical warhead onto the shells and fire them at Israel, for Babylon 1 was being aimed due west at an angle that would re-enter over Israel. Babylon 2 would fire south-east, at the Persian Gulf, again on a shallow trajectory.
The canons were constructed in sections, made abroad at stellmills across europe and manifested as petro-chemical pipes. Eventually various authorities in the UK and Europe stepped in and the pipes were impounded in transit, and declared to be so well made in tapering sections that they couldnt be for oil, but were part of a huge gun. Everyone was incredulous at the time!
Despite this action, enough sections got to Iraq to complete Babylon 1, the Israel gun. Bull wanted out by now, he was scared and had left Iraq and was consulting in belgium. Western intelligence agencies had warned him he was in danger, including from them, Saddam wanted him silenced, and Mossad wanted him to stop him working for the Iraqis. He was found shot by a silenced pistol outside his apartment in Brussels; the killers were never caught. A few months later Saddam invaded Q8
it's suspected that Bull had failed to provide Iraq with certain key elements of his research, and that the Iraqis had to engineer their own solutions, which the Gulf War cut short. However, consider this; Iraq was an ace away from a nuclear weapon. The Supergun, hidden inside a mountain, unknown and undetected by the West, could have fired a no-warning, virtually unstoppable means of firing a dirty nuke at the Allied forces massing beyond Kuwait. Aplane would have been shot down, a missile needs transporting, preparation, visible facilities which are all very visible. Babylon 2 had a trajectory that took it right over the jump-off area for Desert Storm. Saddam wasnt stupid and mustve known that he couldnt defeat the Coalition by conventional means, and even chemicals or bio-agents would do little to stop the inevitable. But a nuke, even a crude dirty one, would be just the ticket. His phrase "Mother of all Battles" also translates as "Mother of all Slaughters" which in Arabic association with battles means a victorious rout as opposed to just a very big battle. Rhetoric? maybe, but Saddam, always with a keen talent for Arab opinion, knew that if he could force a check to the Allies, let alone an outright military victory, he could claim to have won by arab standards. this would make him a new Nasser, and if done with a nuke, would dramatically announce to the rest of the world that Iraq had arrived and was a force to be reckoned with. Makes sense?
But the nuke never arrived, the Allies whupped the Iraqis and the Superguns went unused. The Allies and UN dismantled them and destroyed the parts after the war. Maybe Saddam will tell the truth about it all before he gets the chop.
here's some linkys (you'll love all this, its proper cloak'n'dagger!)
Project Babylon
Gerald Bull
HARP
Edited by - Tawakalna on 7/23/2004 10:00:00 AM