@barbarian
Sucks you're stuck in college. Luckily you obviously have the net and hopefully FL and a few other tasties to keep you going
As for the whole engineered virus thingy :
I'm starting a PhD in the autumn (on PTGS mechanisms which i will come back to in a sec). I'm not saying that makes me any more qualified to have an opinon about this as anyone else, just that i have a reasonable amount of background info on the subject).
HIV (the virus which causes AIDS), as recusant correctly states originted from SIV in african monkeys. Most likely from eating infected meat (there have been suggestions of man/monkey sex but its irrelevant) - the same way a recent ebola outbreak started. Similar viruses are also found in cows and cats. Due to its complexity and apparent deviousness at evading the immune system it is tempting to suggest it is man made. The existence at the time (and subsequent closure) of a research project designed to make an 'ubervaccine' by getting one virus to express seqments of protein coat from many viruses only added fuel to these rumours. However i would dismiss them for the following reasons :
1. Practically : Biotech was in its infancy at the time. While it is always generally assumed the military live in a fantasy future world 100's of years ahead of the rest of us i find this unlikely in the case of biology. To engineer such a virus would be damned near impossible. Even now our best methods of understanding viruses are fairly primitive - we disable part of it or look for a crippled version and infer the function of genes/proteins from the phenotype and known missing parts. Actually designing enzymes from scratch is unheard of. Usually we steal one or (more recently) a collection of domains (bits) and hope for the best. A trial and error method of culturing human cells with SIV infefected monkey ones would be the easiest option and if you accept SIV is natural then there is no need to suggest human intervention to create HIV.
2. Politically : If (as has been suggested by others) HIV was designed to wipe out black people and homosexuals it hasnt done a very good job. If i had ordered it i would be asking for my money back. O.k. so it started in africa, but viruses dont just appear out of thin air. They must have genetic 'parents', and the easiest way for this to happen is close contacts between many different species, that way the virus can swap genes with many species and the viruses they harbor. In europe and the U.S. these circumstances dont occur very much. I'm not talking about farms or cattle ranches, i'm thinking of the bird markets of china where sars developed or the jungle villages where ebola was discovered. Therefore new viruses are most likely to develop in 'non-white' countries.
After leaving africa tho HIV proved itself to be not racist at all and will happily infect white people too. As for the homosexual infection rate being higher, as has been pointed out pregnancy is not an issue for homosexuals so condom use was (and is) lower. Also the anal membrane is thinner than the vaginal wall and thus HIV can cross more easily. So a virus supposely engineered to eradicate blacks and gays suddenly is killing white straight people? How exactly did the 'engineers' hope to stop this happening? There are already plenty of viruses which kill far more black people than white people (i.e. malaria) if this was the motivation it would have been far easier to tinker with one of these. Or if a new virus was wanted, to already have a cure which was prohibitively expensive for poorer countries to buy (as with many diseases), that way if it gets out of control you dont have to worry about your family catching it (BTW the only HIV vaccine trials to have published result suggest the vaccine is actually
more effective at protecting black people than white people - although it was a relatively small trial)
As for SARS again it is tempting to suggest it has worked out in the interests of the U.S. i.e. stifling the asian economy, distracting from the mess in iraq etc.
While it would be conceivable these days for a virus to be modified (as someone already said SARS is a mutated coronavirus) i still think it would be grossly irresponsible - even for some bunch of cold heated x-flies style mentalists. The simple fact is the animal markets of china are the ideal conditions for new viruses to develop - many species with densities far above those found anywhere in nature. If i were told to engineer a virus to damage the asian economy i would go for modifying influenza, much more is known about it and it would be easier to develop a vaccine/cure for the people you didnt want to catch it. The fact is SARS has been blown out of all proportion by the media, heres an interesting statistic i saw the other day :
300 - Number of people killed by SARS (ever)
3000 - Number of people killed by malaria every day
While the U.S. has a history of behind the scene meddling (check out 'The Trial Of Henry Kissinger') its usually far less surgical than bioengineered viruses. Genrally giving money to terrorists or paying assasins seems to be the way they prefer (call that political if you like but it is a fact).
My area of research - PTGS and specifically RNAi offers a potential for us to cathc up with bacteria and viruses in the bio-arms race. Human cells transcribe DNA to RNA and then translate RNA to proteins which either directly make up the cell or catalyse reactions to build the rest. Within the last 5 years a mechanism has been discovered where specific RNA's can be very accurately targetted for destruction. This bypasses the need to look for drugs (a very hit and miss process) and means instead we can directly target the viruses genes for destruction (sort of surgical strike instead of carpet bombing
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). Both HIV and SARS are RNA viruses and thus vulnerable to this technique. Several papers have already shown HIV genes can be degraded via this method. Other potential targets are the receptor molecules they use to enter cells. Look out for sensationalist reports in the media of an RNAi cure for SARS.
God damn that is so long even i cant be arsed reading it
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